回答无神反基人士

回答艾丽丝的「基督教源自印度吠陀宗教」

（https://www.douban.com/group/topic/28740325/）

艾丽丝这贴说；「基督教是从犹太教发展而来。然而，曾经的波斯教对犹太教产生了深刻的影响，却鲜为人知。」

他列举了几方面（创造主，善恶对立，天堂地狱，弥赛亚，审判）。

我相信，除了“弥赛亚（救世主）之外，其他都是人同此心，心同此理的道理。你可以在任何宗教找到。

只有救世主是有一些例外。例如，伊斯兰教就没有救世主的观念。中国人的相信道教和日本的神道教也没有。

所以我只讨论两点：

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（1）谁抄襲谁？

如果有两本书，或者两个学说，都有相似之处，谁抄襲谁？逻辑上，只有后者抄襲前者！

《吠陀》相信是三千五百年前的南亚最古老的书籍（https://www.allabouthistory.org/chinese/indus-valley.htm），还有，「The Vedas are among the oldest sacred texts. The Samhitas date to roughly 1700–1100 BCE」(https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vedas)

从这些资料可见，“成书“年代应该是主前3500 左对。

圣经最早的摩西五经（创世记开始）？维基（“聖經成書時序“， https://zh.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E8%81%96%E7%B6%93%E6%88%90%E6%9B%B8%E6%99%82%E5%BA%8F ）说：

序列 分類 卷名 執筆者 寫作地點 公元前 注解 覆蓋時期（公元前）

1 摩西五經 創世記 摩西 曠野 1513 從「最初」到1657年

2 摩西五經 出埃及記 摩西 曠野 1512 1657-1512年

3 摩西五經 利未記 摩西 曠野 1512 1512年的一個月

4 摩西五經 民數記 摩西 曠野和摩押平原 1473 1512-1473年

5 摩西五經 申命記 摩西 摩押平原 1473 1473年的兩個月

总而言之，差不多时候，不能决定谁抄襲谁，也不能好像艾丽丝贴说；「基督教是从犹太教发展而来。然而，曾经的波斯教对犹太教产生了深刻的影响，却鲜为人知。」

也不能好像艾丽丝贴说说：「犹太教中的弥赛亚，来源自《吠陀》中的密多罗神。」因为，犹太教的弥赛亚观念早在创世记已经有，一般基督教神学同意：

创世记3:15 我 又 要 叫 你 和 女 人 彼 此 为 仇 。 你 的 后 裔 和 女 人 的 后 裔 也 彼 此 为 仇 。 女 人 的 后 裔 要 伤 你 的 头 ， 你 要 伤 他 的 脚 跟 。

是第一个弥赛亚预言。

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第二点。

艾丽丝说：「耶稣与波斯教的教主琐罗亚斯德非常相似，都是处女所生。也都受过魔鬼试探，但两人都坚信自己信仰的神才是唯一真神。 ……」

耶稣和琐罗亚斯德（ZOROASTRIAN）的分别，我找不到中文资料，但英语却有。可惜这篇文章，只有标题被翻译为中文！

「耶穌 Vs 羅亞斯德-揭露所謂的平行」（ http://reasonsforjesus.com/tw/jesus-vs-zoroaster-debunking-the-alleged-parallels/）

对不起，我没有足够的时间，可以翻译全篇，现在只翻译一把段：

有一些资料，是后来加上去的，因为：将某些主题〔即和耶稣相似之处〕纳入九世纪的ZOROASTRIAN传统中，表明他们的先知们，为了那些可能离开他们信仰的人，有蓄意试图提拔他们的先知的地位。

换句话说，如果我们在这些文本中看到一个“耶稣般的”故事，特别出现於这个晚期，我们有权怀疑借用 - 但正好与批评者所设想的完全相反！

结论：「因此，基督教源自印度吠陀宗教的观点，无法确立，疑点多著。」

早期米所波大米文献，有提到巴别塔口音变乱之事吗？

作者：Author: John H. Walton

张逸萍译自：http://www.christiananswers.net/q-abr/confusionoflanguages.html 转自： http://www.chineseapologetics.net/archaeology/S_confuse-langu.htm

巴别塔的故事有人认为，苏美人（Sumeria）[i] 的史诗，名为《恩梅加和阿拉塔主》（Enmerkar and the Lord of Aratta）的，就是［提到巴别塔口音变乱］的参考文献。恩梅加在说话中，宣告了一个咒文，其中有一段神话般的序言。琴玛（Kramer）的翻译如下∶

很久以前，没有

蛇，没有蝎子，

没有鬣狗，没有狮子，

没有野狗，没有狼，

没有恐惧，没有恐怖，

人类没有竞争对手。

那些日子里，在苏布（Subur）和勘玛滋（Hamazi）的土地上，

苏美（Sumer）的语言和谐，伟大的土地上有王子的法令，

乌利（Uri），一切都合适的地土，

玛图（Martu）之地，在安稳中安息，

整个宇宙，人类一致，

恩利尔（Enlil）口音[说话]相同。

…

（然后）恩基（Enki），丰富之主（的）

命令是值得相信的，

智慧之主，了解国土，

神灵们的领袖，

生而具智慧，尔列度（Eridu）之主

改变他们的口音，[带来]

争论，以至，

触及人的语言，（直到那时）都是一致的。

令人感兴趣的是，恩基，尔列度之神，与这个神话有关，这很可能代表他们对公元前四千年晚期的实际事件的记忆。

驳斥阿哈默的「耶稣先森升天记」

第一，阿默是不是有什么乡下口音？把“先生”说成“先森”？

阿，或者是因为他所崇拜的正规大学理工教授的发音。

最后，又是陈年旧货！！！早有人解答了。我在一个比较普通的解释圣经和信仰问题的地方（不是精钻的那类）就找到答案。事实上，我曾经在豆瓣回答过，不过一时找不到哪贴。现在把那英语网页贴在下面：

https://www.gotquestions.org/Day-of-Preparation.html

If Jesus was crucified on the Day of Preparation, why had He already eaten the Passover meal? Day of Preparation Question: "If Jesus was crucified on the Day of Preparation, why had He already eaten the Passover meal?"

Answer: All four Gospels state that Jesus was crucified on the Day of Preparation (Matthew 27:62; Mark 15:42; Luke 23:54; John 19:14, 31, 42). Mark, Luke, and John all state that the following day was the Sabbath. John’s account uses this wording: “It was the day of Preparation of the Passover” (John 19:14). The question becomes, since Jesus was killed on the Day of Preparation, why had He already observed the Passover with His disciples (Matthew 26:17–29; Mark 14:12–25; Luke 22:7–22; John 13:1–30)?

First, we should discard the theory that the writers of the New Testament made a mistake. Theorizing that all four of the Gospel writers got the chronology wrong stretches credulity to the breaking point. Are we really to believe that Matthew, Mark, Luke, and John all forgot what they had written from one chapter to the next? No, there must be a better explanation for why Jesus ate the Passover before the Day of Preparation.

Next, we need to identify what the Day of Preparation was preparing for. Every week, preparations had to be made for the Sabbath—food had to be prepared ahead of time. This led to the “Day of Preparation” becoming the common term for “Friday.” Although many preparations also had to be made for the Passover, there is no record of “Passover Eve” being called the Day of Preparation. The Day of Preparation was always Friday, the day before the Sabbath. Mark 15:42 makes this clear.

How then do we explain John’s statement that Jesus died on “the day of Preparation of the Passover” (John 19:14)? It’s quite possible that John simply meant that this particular Friday fell during Passover week; we could understand his words this way: “It was the day of Preparation, the one that happened to come during the season of Passover.” So, the Day of Preparation was to prepare for the Sabbath, not the Passover.

The Mosaic Law stipulated what day the Passover lamb was to be eaten: Nissan 14 (Numbers 9:2–3). We must assume that Jesus kept the Law and observed Passover at the appointed time (see Galatians 4:4). After the Passover (Thursday) came the Day of Preparation (Friday) on which Jesus was killed. The Sabbath (Saturday) followed, of course, and then the first day of the week (Sunday)—the third day after the crucifixion and the day on which Jesus rose from the dead.

One objection to the above chronology is based on John 18:28, which says, “The Jewish leaders took Jesus from Caiaphas to the palace of the Roman governor. By now it was early morning, and to avoid ceremonial uncleanness they did not enter the palace, because they wanted to be able to eat the Passover.” At first glance, it seems that, whereas Jesus had eaten the Passover the night before, the Jewish leaders had not yet eaten the Passover—they still “wanted to be able to eat” it after Jesus was arrested. To reconcile this verse with the Synoptic narratives, we must remember this: Passover was the first day of the week-long Feast of Unleavened Bread.

The Feast (or Festival) of Unleavened Bread (Chag HaMatzot) lasted for a full week, from Nissan 15 to Nissan 22. The first day of Unleavened Bread coincided with the day of Passover. Because of the close relation between Passover and the Feast of Unleavened Bread, the whole week was sometimes referred to as “Passover.” The two holidays were (and still are) considered a single celebration. This explains John 18:28. The Jewish leaders had already eaten the Passover proper, but there still remained other sacrifices to be made and meals to be eaten. They were unwilling to defile themselves (Pilate’s palace contained leaven) because it would disqualify them from participating in the remainder of the week’s ceremonies (see Leviticus 23:8).

There are other difficulties in pinpointing the exact chronology of Jesus’ arrest, trial, crucifixion, and resurrection. But this seems to be a workable solution:

Thursday – Passover proper. The lamb is killed, and Jesus and His disciples eat the Passover meal in the upper room.

Friday – the Day of Preparation. Jesus is tried and executed (although never convicted). The Jews continue their “Passover” celebrations with the chagigah, offerings made during the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

Saturday – the weekly Sabbath.

Sunday – Resurrection Day.

「要弄明白这事儿，得先明白四福音书是怎么来的。首先，四福音书作者的本尊姓甚名谁到现在也没人知道。恐怕永远也没人知道。」

你不知道，不等於没有人知道！

「马可，马太，路加，约翰这四个名字是后来的小编随便给安上的，并非作者的名字。」

你有证据？还是“娱乐八卦”新闻那儿找来的谬论？

「这么传啊传，终于传到了几个贵族的耳朵里了，于是写下了四福音书。当然，写作的过程中必然是要运用高等的纯艺术加工啦。您要问了，你怎么知道是贵族？哈，那年头啊，除了贵族没人有读书学习的机会。」

证据？有偏见的胡言乱语？